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Changing nutritional needs
We all need the same basic nutrients – including vitamins and minerals to maintain life and health. 10a However, the human body constantly changes throughout our life cycles, from childhood into adulthood and old age.10c The relative amounts of these nutrients change as we pass through various stages of life. 10a
For example, young children require a much higher energy intake relative to their size to support their physical and mental development 10b, and many children may not get the nutrients that they need. According to UNICEF,2 in 3 children between 6 months and 2 years of age are not eating food that supports their rapidly growing bodies. 3a
The nutritional needs of older children who are still growing are also higher relative to body size than nutrient needs for adults, and their energy needs will vary according to activity levels. For many children, food provided by aftercare programs may be a significant portion of their diet and affect their nutrition. 10d,e
Preteens go through growth spurts as the onset of puberty brings a number of changes while nutrient needs are greater during adolescence than at any other time, except during pregnancy. 10f,g
Young adults have stopped growing. Typically they are at their physical peak and can support their health and wellness with adequate nutrition and exercise. 10h
In middle-age, adults begin to experience signs of aging and the most important nutritional concerns relate to the prevention of chronic disease and for women, menopause. 10i
As adults age, physical changes impact nutrient needs and can result in deficiencies. A nutrient-dense, plant-based diet can help prevent or support the healing of a number of disorders that impact the elderly such as macular degeneration and arthritis. 10j
At all ages, it is important to meet nutrient needs with food first, then supplementation, such as a daily multivitamin, if you can’t meet your needs through food. 10k